An Investigation into Factors that Affect Job Performance and the Correlation Between Academic Library Staff Promotion and Job Performance in a Federal University in Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55578/hrdm.2507.001Keywords:
Job Performance, Library Staff, Promotion, Motivation, University Library, Staff PerformanceAbstract
One common practice is staff promotion, which occurs when an employee that already works in the organization is recruited into a position 'up the ladder' from his or her existing job. A promotion like this generally includes new responsibilities, new expectations, and often an increase in authority and compensation. This study therefore in an investigation into identifying factors that affect library staff performance as well as the correlation between promotion and job performance of Library Staff of a federal university in Nigeria. The study was guided by two objectives, two research questions and one hypothesis. A survey research design was employed for the study. A sampled population of 43 library staff was drawn through purposive sampling technique. The main instrument used for data collection was self-constructed Likert type four point scale questionnaire titled Factors that Affect Job Performance and the correlation Between Promotion and Library Staff Job Performance Questionnaire (FAJPABPLSJPQ). The instrument was validated and pretested for reliability using Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) with a correlation co-efficient of 0.87 which showed that the instrument was reliable. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Percentages and mean values were used to answer the research questions, while the Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) was used to test hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance and consolidated the answer for research question two. The outcome of the study revealed some factors that affect library staff performance in the Federal University in Nigeria and that promotion practices have statistical significant positive correlation with job performance of the library staff. Based on the findings, recommendations were made which include that promotion should be carried out as and when due and general welfare of the library staff should be adequately taken into consideration as a way of motivation for optimal job performance.
References
1.Demekaa, B. (2023). Motivation practices and job performance of library staff in public libraries in the North Central Zone of Nigeria [PhD thesis]. Department of Library and Information Science, Abia State University.
2.Cherry, K. (2023). Motivation: The driving force behind our actions. Motivation: Definition, types, theories, and how to find it. Verywell Mind.
3.Wikipedia. (2025). Motivation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/motivation
4.Obajemu, A. S., Ojo, J. A., & Dekpen, N. A. (2012). Staff motivation in the University of Lagos library, Nigeria. Library Philosophy and Practice, 30(2), 40–54.
5.Borman, W. C., & Motowidlo, S. J. (1993). Expanding the criterion domain to include elements of contextual performance. In N. Schmitt & W. C. Borman (Eds.), Personnel selection in organizations (pp. 71–98). Jossey-Bass.
6.Douglas, S., Merritt, D., Roberts, R., & Watkins, D. (2021). Systemic leadership development: Impact on organizational effectiveness. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 29(6), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-05-2020-2184
7.Werner, J. M. (2000). Implications of OCB and contextual performance for human resource management. Human Resource Management Review, 10(1), 245–261.
8.Onwubiko, E. C. (2019). Effect of library staff attitudes on job performance: A study of the library of Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal), 2669. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/2669
9.Motowidlo, S. J., Borman, W. C., & Schmit, M. J. (1997). A theory of individual differences in task and contextual performance. Human Performance, 10(2), 71–83.
10.Study.com. (2024). What is staff promotion? https://study.com/academy/lesson/staff-promotion-transfer.html
11.Vintage Circle. (2023). Types of employee promotion. https://blog.vantagecircle.com/employee-promotion/
12.Garba, P., Akram, M., Mohammed, A. A., & Hassaini, M. (2021). Influence of promotion on the job performance of professional and para-professional library staff in tertiary institutions in Niger State, Nigeria. Global Scientific Journals, 9(3). http://www.globalscientificjournals.com
13.Agbebaku, H. U. (2012). Public personnel administration. National Open University of Nigeria.
14.Ojobo, A. E., Ogbole, I., & Tofi, S. T. (2020). Influence of promotion and prompt salary payment on job performance of library personnel in university libraries in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal), 4742. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/4742
15.Librarian’s Registration Council of Nigeria. (2014). Minimum standard and guidelines for academic libraries in Nigeria.
16.Na’angap, D. (2012). Job satisfaction and job performance of library personnel of National Library of Nigeria [Master’s thesis]. University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
17.Babatunde, T. J., Issa, O., Saliu, U. A., Babafemi, G. O., Abdulraheem, J. W., & Otonekwu, F. O. (2021). Effect of motivation on staff performance and job satisfaction in the University of Ilorin Library. Journal of Islam and Humanity, 5(2), 91–104. https://doi.org/10.15408/insaniyat.v5i2.15718
18.Nwabugwu, M. T., Unegbu, V. E., & Owolabi, R. O. (2021). Work motivation and job performance of cataloguers in academic libraries in southwest Nigeria. International Journal of Academic Library and Information Science, 9(4), 180–191. https://doi.org/10.14662/IJALIS2021.150
19.Duru, I. U., Eze, M. A., Yusuf, A., Udo, A. A., & Saleh, A. S. (2022). Influence of motivation on workers' performance at the University of Abuja. International Journal of Social and Administrative Sciences, 7(2), 69–84. https://doi.org/10.55493/5051.v7i2.4673
20.Aziri, B. (2011). Job satisfaction: A literature review. Management Research & Practice, 3(4).
21.Adams, J. S. (1963). Toward an understanding of inequity. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67(5), 422–436.
22.Perkins, L. (2011). Theory of reward systems. Roadway Publishing House.
23.Mohammad, A., & Chelliah, J. (2017). Motivation and job satisfaction among library professionals: A case study of Malaysian university libraries. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 49(4), 409–419.
24.Parker, S. K., & Griffin, M. A. (2003). Understanding the relationship between work motivation and job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(3), 458–471.
25.Smith, L. J. (2003). Evaluating the applicability of Maslow’s theory of motivation to ancillary staff [Master’s thesis]. Sheffield Hallam University.
26.Adler, S., Campion, M., Colquitt, A., Grubb, A., Murphy, K., Ollander-Krane, R., & Pulakos, E. D. (2016). Getting rid of performance ratings: Genius or folly? A debate. Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 9(2), 219–252.
27.Hameed, A., & Amjad, S. (2009). Impact of office design on employees’ productivity. Journal of Public Affairs, Administration and Management, 3(1), 1–14.
28.Chen, J., & Silverthorne, C. (2008). The impact of locus of control on job stress, job performance and job satisfaction in Taiwan. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 29(6), 572–582. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730810906326
29.Arthur, M., Kaphova, S., & Wilderon, C. (2005). Career success in a boundaryless career world. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 26(2), 177–202.
30.Yasmeen, R., Umar, F., & Fahad, A. (2013). Impact of rewards on organizational performance: Empirical evidence from telecom sector of Pakistan. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 3(5), 938–946.
31.Ansah, P. S. (2017). Employee promotional system and induced performance among senior staff of University of Cape Coast. Journal of Education and Practice, 8(30), 124–135.
32.Adams, D., & Kirst, A. (1998). Global perspective on performance. University of Toronto.
33.Bowles, H. R., & Gelfand, M. (2010). Status and the evaluation of workplace deviance. Psychological Science, 21(1), 49–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797609356509
34.Ross, M. S., & Kapitan, S. (2018). Balancing self/collective-interest: Equity theory for prosocial consumption. European Journal of Marketing, 52(3–4), 528–549. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-01-2017-0002
35.Hidig, A. M. (2014). Promotion policy and employee performance in Golis Telecommunication Company in Dhahran District, Puntland, Somalia [Master’s thesis]. Kampala International University.
36.Peter, C. G. (2014). Impact of promotion to employees’ performance at Dar Es Salaam City Council [Master’s thesis]. Mzumbe University.
37.Rinny, P., Purba, C. B., & Handiman, U. T. (2020). The influence of compensation, job promotion, and job satisfaction on employee performance of Mercubuana. Journal of Management and Business Review, 17(2), 45–60.
38.Ligare, B. S., Wanyama, K. W., & Aliata, V. L. (2020). Job promotion and employee performance among the Administration Police in Bungoma County, Kenya. Cross Current International Journal of Economics, Management and Media Studies, 2(1), 34–41. https://doi.org/10.36344/ccijemms.2020.v02i02.002
39.Ratemo, V., Bula, H., & Makhamara, F. (2021). Job promotion and employee performance in Kenya Forestry Research Institute headquarters in Muguga, Kiambu County. European Journal of Human Resource Management Studies, 5(1), 166–180. https://doi.org/10.46827/ejhrms.v5i1.1041
40.Anastasios, D. D., & Chatzoglou, P. (2019). Factors affecting employee performance: An empirical approach. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 68(1), 171–193. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-01-2018-0012
41.Winoto, B. E. P., Surati, & Wahyulina, S. (2021). The effect of promotion, transfer, and demotion on work motivation and personnel performance of West Nusa Tenggara regional police. International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, 8(8), 250–262.
42.Abdulmumini, A. (2021). Impact of promotion on academic staff development in the State higher educational institutions of Borno State. International Journal of Advanced Research in Public Policy, Social Development and Enterprise Studies, 4(1), 12–24. https://doi.org/10.48028/iiprds/ijarppsdes.v4.i1.02
43.Duru, I. U., Eze, M. A., Yusuf, A., Danjuma, I., & Saleh, A. S. (2023). Relationship between promotion and employees' performance: Evidence from the University of Abuja. Asian Themes in Social Sciences Research, 7(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.33094/atssr.v7i1.69
44.Owuamanam, D. O., & Owuamanam, T. O. (2008). Sustaining academic progress through objective evaluation of research in Nigeria. College Teaching Methods & Styles Journal, 4(8), 27–31.
45.Eze, B. I., Nwadinigwe, C. U., Achor, J., Aguwa, E. N., Mbah, A., & Ozoemena, F. (2012). Trainee resident participation in health research in a resource-constrained setting in south-eastern Nigeria. BMC Medical Education, 12(1), 40.
46.Badri, A. M., & Abdulla, H. M. (2004). Awards of excellence in institutions of higher education: An AHP approach. International Journal of Educational Management, 18(4), 224–242.
47.Salmuni, W., Mustafa, W., & Kamis, H. (2007). Prioritizing academic staff performance and criteria in higher education institutions to global standards. Proceedings of the 13th Asia Pacific Management Conference (pp. 1281–1288).
Downloads
Published
Data Availability Statement
The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation.
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Emmanuel Chidiadi Onwubiko (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).